Sentence examples for neutralization costs from inspiring English sources

The response factors used in this study are: (1) glucose benefits from improved enzymatic digestibility of wheat straw solids; (2) xylose benefits from the solubilization of xylan to the liquid phase during the pretreatment; (3) maleic acid replenishment costs; (4) neutralization costs of pretreated material; (5) costs due to furfural production; and (6) heating costs of the input materials.

Although acid hydrolysis is a relatively fast process, it suffers from some major limitations such as high operational cost, by-product formation, corrosion of equipment, neutralization requirement, high disposal cost (Bansal et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2012).

It may be noted that the choice of a suitable basic material for acidity neutralization will depend on the cost.

Yeasts also offer the advantage of tolerance to low-pH conditions, which allows the process to avoid costs associated with fermentation neutralization and downstream acidification.

In present study, we reported an improved, simple, highly duplicable, cost-effective, and well reliable microtiter neutralization assay for evaluating HIV-1 neutralizing antibody from sera or plasma.

The choice of a suitable material for acidity neutralization will also depend on the cost and since limestone is locally available and cheaper than the other materials, it may be the ideal choice for neutralization.

However, physical and chemical pretreatment need high temperature treatment with acid or alkali, which disrupts lignocellulose and also results in acidic or caustic hydrolysate and the production of inhibitory byproducts [ 8, 9]; therefore, such pretreatment methods increase the cost of processes with neutralization or washing step that results in the loss of sugars [ 6, 10].

Reducing the effective acid loading in pretreatment has the potential to reduce chemical costs both for pretreatment and subsequent neutralization.

In comparison with the other methods, the improved method increased the reliability of anti-HIV-1 neutralization assay for plasma or sera, and is relatively simple, highly duplicable, cost-effective for evaluating anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibody from sera or plasma.

Especially, sustained neutralization of C5a by exploitation of host immunity will be more optimal and cost effective for therapeutics.

Because of cost considerations, the vital dye staining method, such as previous microtiter neutralization assay [ 8], is widely accepted in many laboratories.