Sentence examples for neutral ratio from inspiring English sources

Ion bombardment parameters ion energy Ei and ion to neutral ratio Ji/J.

An in-situ coil implemented in a confocal magnetron sputtering system is used to modify the ion flux impacting the substrate, thereby tuning the ion-to-neutral ratio.

The HIPIMS plasma comprising a high metal ion-to-neutral ratio consisting of single- and double-charged metal species identified by mass spectrometry increased the metal ion flux to the substrate.

C/Cr coatings were deposited by the combined steered cathodic arc/unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique, at wide range of bias voltages, Ub from − 65 to − 550 V. Plasma diagnostics carried out by electrostatic probe measurements revealed that C/Cr films grow under conditions of intensive ion bombardment with ion-to-neutral ratio exceeding Ji/Jn = 6.

Inductively Coupled Impulse Sputtering (ICIS) removes the need for a magnetron, whilst delivering equal or higher ion-to-neutral ratios compared to other ionised PVD technologies such as High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering HIPIMSS).

QUASI is a codon-based method that measures empirical dN/dS ratios at each codon and compares these statistically to neutral dN/dS ratio using two-binomial distribution.

Therefore, if the evolution of the majority of sites in the Bovini has been neutral the ratio of ancestral amino-acid to synonymous polymorphism should be equal to the ratio in divergence between any given species.

If base composition variation is neutral, the ratio of AT-to-GC versus GC-to-AT polymorphisms should be similar to the ratio of AT-to-GC versus GC-to-AT fixations.

When most variation is neutral, the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphisms observed within populations should be the same as the ratio of divergence between species [ 10].

The neutral composition ratio (Delta O/N_2) is shown at the bottom of Fig. 12, which exhibits a similar structure to the (Delta Ne) driven by non-wind processes.

The neutral composition ratio (Delta O/N_2) shown at the bottom of Fig. 7 exhibits a similar structure to the (Delta Ne) driven by non-wind processes.