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In traditional bilateral licensing, neither the patent owner nor product manufacturer has any independent or neutral appraisal of the value of the patents, and there is little if any transparency as to how royalty rates are determined.
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Using a within-design, 25 females (Mage = 23.24; SD = 4.19) imaged three different scripts (challenge, threat, and neutral) to manipulate appraisal of a speech preparation task.
The appraisal of a neutral expert might have steered Judy and Mario toward a more appropriate bid while avoiding the need to involve a real-estate agent.
Unlike the Emoter Voice that construes the subjective feelings of the author, the Recorder Voice is characterized by an absence of all types of explicit Appraisal, lending it a "factual or neutral 'feel" (Coffin 2006, 151).
Appraisal of the lengthened leg at follow-up ("ugly", 8; "not very beautiful", 11; "neutral", 13; "pretty", 2; "very beautiful", 3; "don't know", 0) differed little from their retrospective appraisal ("ugly", 6; "not very beautiful", 13; "neutral", 16; "pretty", 1; "very beautiful", 0; "don't know", 1).
This may be achieved through specific adaptive appraisals, such as, 'It is helpful to remain neutral' and 'I do not need to react to this in any way other than as an objective helper'.
They noted that the appraisal committee should give a recommendation but at the same time provide neutral expertise.
Though Smith implied that the Court, in considering claims for exemptions from formally neutral, generally applicable laws, has applied a "water[ed] down" version of strict scrutiny, 494 U.S. at 888, that appraisal confuses the cases in which we purported to apply strict scrutiny with the cases in which we did not.
The Appraisal.
The Appraisal drove off.
Yet appraisal is costly.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com