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As a mechanisms-based classification of pain 'nociceptive pain' (NP) refers to pain attributable to the activation of the peripheral receptive terminals of primary afferent neurones in response to noxious chemical, mechanical or thermal stimuli.
These data indicate that release of ATP mediates excitation of presympathetic RVLM neurones in response to activation of local astrocytes.
Therefore, understanding the molecular and functional changes that occur in these neurones in response to variable maternal sensory inputs has been the focus of recent research.
Action potentials in InM neurones in response to a +40 pA current pulse had an amplitude of 54.7 ± 1.6 mV, a half-width of 4.2 ± 0.3 ms, and displayed an after hyperpolarisation of 13.5 ± 1.0 mV.
In lamina II, numbers of Fos-positive neurones in response to fast, but not slow, rates of skin heating were decreased significantly (from 78.9 ± 9.1 to 53.1 ± 6.9, P < 0.05) following activation in DL/L-PAG (Fig. 5C and D).
In contrast, numbers of Fos-positive neurones in response to slow rates of skin heating were unaltered by activation in either the VL- or DL/L-PAG (Fig. 5B and D).
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Another possible role of axonal GABAA receptors involves the increase in the intracellular chloride concentration of DRG neurones observed in response to both inflammatory mediators [23] and following peripheral nerve injury [24].
Using whole-cell voltage-clamp recording, HCN channels in the neurones were activated in response to isoprenaline and exogenous cAMP but only occasionally did they respond to NO, although exogenous cGMP was routinely effective.
Whereas GABAergic neurones tonically inhibit LC neurones, glutamate triggers their burst spiking in response to sensory stimuli (Foote et al., 1980; Ennis and Aston-Jones, 1989; Kawahara et al., 1999).
Previously, serine-845 phosphorylation had been linked with cAMP but Serulle et al. (2007) showed in cultured hippocampal neurones that it also happens in response to exogenous NO, and to NMDA receptor activity in a NOS- and PKG-dependent manner.
The results show that leech neurones raise their intracellular osmolyte content in response to severe osmotic stress, thereby reducing changes in their cellular volume.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com