Exact(1)
Neurons were maintained in a HEPES-buffered extracellular neuronal solution (composition in m m: NaCl, 140; KCl, 5; NaHCO3, 5; MgCl2·6H2O, 1; CaCl2, 1.2; Na2HPO4, 1.2; Glucose, 10; Hepes, 20; pH 7.4) at 37°C using an objective heater (IntraCell, Royston, UK) and 'The Box' Microscope Temperature Control System (Life Imaging Systems).
Similar(59)
Finally, neuronal solutions to the delay problem speak to the representation of time in the brain, which is essential for the proper fusion of information in the central nervous system.
Patch pipettes were pulled from borosilicate glass capillaries (World Precision Instruments), to resistances of 3.8 to 5.9 MΩ when filled with neuronal internal solution containing the following (in mM): 140 K-gluconate, 4 MgCl2, 0.4 EGTA, 4 Mg-ATP, 0.2 Na-GTP, 10 HEPES, and 10 phosphocreatine, pH 7.3 with KOH.
For a theory of evolution by natural selection, heredity is an indispensable element, and here we explore one mechanistic solution of neuronal replication that rests on connectivity copying of microcircuits.
Following final washes with 1% goat serum PBS solution, the neuronal cells on the coverslips were cover-slipped with a glycerol-based anti-photobleach medium.
The reported dissociation constant (half-maximal saturation) of α-SNAP for neuronal SNARE complexes in solution is ∼5 µM (Marz et al., 2003; Winter et al., 2009).
In all cases, treatment effects were compared against the average activity from control and washout conditions to account for potential loss of activity because of neuronal damage from repeated solution exchanges.
In vitro studies have shown that fresh solutions containing soluble oligomers of ADan are more toxic to neuronal cells than aged solutions containing insoluble aggregates (10).
Understanding neuronal circuits that implement solutions to complex challenges is an essential part of scientific reductionism, leading to insights useful for developing intelligent machines.
As a caveat, we note that, while the headless torus canards correspond to amplitude-modulation, not all AM solutions in neuronal models are torus canards.
ASIC-mediated currents have been extensively described using extracellular local application of acid solutions in neuronal cultures (4, 6, 8, 12, 32, 35, 36).
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