We next examined whether BICDR-1 also regulates secretory vesicle exocytosis, which, in neurons, occurs after neuronal depolarization with 60 mM KCl (de Wit et al, 2009).
16 In addition, tPA and neuroserpin are rapidly released from neurons in response to neuronal depolarization.
We have previously found that neuronal depolarization in cultured hippocampal neurons leads to a homeostatic decrease in EPSC amplitude and mEPSC frequency [42].
Specifically, spreading depolarization is characterized as a wave of massive ion translocation between intra- and extracellular space, near-complete sustained neuronal depolarization, glial depolarization and neuron swelling.
This enhanced survival was also true for exposure to potassium ions in vitro, implicating induction of neuronal depolarization as a protective factor for neurons in the Kif1a mutant mice.
This is expected because exposing dorsal horn neurons to SP would increase the level of neuronal depolarization due to the binding of SP to NK1 receptors, which leads to phospholipase C PLCC) activation and subsequent IP3-mediated calcium release [3].
Similarity of imaging findings in sporadic and familial hemiplegic migraine is suggestive of a possible common pathophysiology involving both the conditions which at present is thought to be due to a spreading depolarizing wave of neuro-electric or metabolic stimulus leading to prolonged neuronal depolarization.
In this issue, Fiore et al (2009) show that the gene cluster miR379 410, which includes up to 50 microRNA genes, is induced by neuronal depolarization and has an important function in dendritic development in cultured neurons.
OR proteins are localized in the cilia of the olfactory sensory neurons where they stimulate a Gαolf/cAMP-mediated signal transduction cascade ultimately leading to neuronal depolarization [2], [3].
This review also discusses intrinsic optical signals associated with neuronal depolarization.
In contrast, other studies showed that neuronal depolarization is accompanied by an increase in cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio that is associated with a reduction of the malate-aspartate shuttle activity through the glycolytic pathway38.
