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The family of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β (RPTPβ) is composed of 4 splice variants and thought to play roles in the neural migration and outgrowth.
"When we compare humans to great apes, we can clearly identify genes and gene families that have expanded specifically in our lineage since we separated from chimp and gorilla," says Eichler. "It's a tantalizing set of genes in terms of neural development and neural migration". The research was published today in the journal Science.
Neural migration and axonal guidance are governed by several families of extracellular cues, which elicit either attractive or repulsive responses on leading edges and axonal growth cones.
Disruption of the radial glial scaffold causes neural migration disorders, often leading to cortical dysplasia, which underlies many syndromes including mental retardation, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism [7], [8], [9].
In this context, it is intriguing that the mammalian Cas family NEDD9 gene is abundant during neuronal development, has been proposed as a candidate locus for oral cleft defects in humans based on its chromosomal location near the OFC-1 locus [65], and has recently been implicated in control of neural migration and neuronal cell fate [66], [67].
SLIT2 belongs to a group of large secreted glycoproteins originally described in regulating neural migration.
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MCPH is a neurogenic mitotic disorder that does not occur due to abnormal neuronal migration or neural apoptosis.
In contrast, in our studies, down-regulation of α5 integrin in the cortical neural precursors affects neuronal migration.
In this review, I have discussed the necessity of Hox expression for neural crest migration, gastrulation, migration of organs in the pharyngeal regions, and limb bud formation in the vertebrate embryo during development.
In particular, in nervous system, IMP3 has been demonstrated in Xenopus laevis to be required for neural crest migration, suggesting that this protein is important for promoting cell migration [ 20].
Theveneau, E. & Mayor, R. Neural crest migration: interplay between chemorepellents, chemoattractants, contact inhibition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and collective cell migration.
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