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Short-term measurements of integrated net water flow did not detect variation among treatments.
The accumulated number of permeation events grows linearly with time and the number of permeation events occurring in either direction is as expected, since in an equilibrium MD simulation no net water flow should be present (Fig. 3).
Net water flow between the external solution [1] and the vestibule [2] is assumed to be entirely dependent on the osmotic pressure generated by the osmolar concentration difference between the external solution and the vestibular compartment [2].
The resultant rise of the total osmolarity in the vestibule and outer cytosolic layer, above that of the external solution (Fig. 2 F ), switches the direction of net water flow, resulting in return of net inward water flow (Fig. 2, A and D ).
The decrease in total vestibular osmolarity below that of the external solution [1] together with the smaller change in the total osmolarity of the outer cytosolic layers reverse the direction of net water flow across the oocyte membrane (Fig. 2 D ).
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The predicted net water flux out of the anode (normalized by the total water generated) increases as anode humidification water flow rate is increased, in agreement with experimental results.
Material export from estuaries is driven by both net flow (the residual water flow after tidal exchange) and tidal pumping (net transport resulting from different constituent concentrations in ebbing and flooding waters).
As modelled here, changing the maximal rate of apical GLUT2 or capillary perfusion rates have relatively smaller effects on net water than on glucose flows.
They suggest that estimates of water inflow via the transporter during phase 1 can be obtained by subtraction of the water inflow after exposure to phloretin (phase 3) from the water flow during net inflow before removal of external 3-OMG (phase 1) (7).
At the end of the perfusion, the animals were sacrificed, and the dry weight (after desiccation at 90°C for 72 h) of the intestinal segment was used to calculate the perfusate flow and net water and electrolyte transport.
The three dams, Rogers, Hardy, and Croton (all owned and operated by Consumers Energy), are operated in different modes but in concert give a net run of river effect on water flow.
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