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High clouds (such as cirrus) cause net heating, while low clouds (such as stratus) cause net cooling.
These, it was found, reflect enough sunlight to exert a net cooling effect locally, and this appears to account for clouds' overall cooling effect worldwide.
Climate benefits of reducing BC may be partially offset by associated reductions of coemitted pollutants that may have a net cooling effect on climate (and a net warming effect when reduced), either directly (organic carbon) or after chemical transformation in the atmosphere (organic carbon, SO2, and NOx).
We know that clouds have a net cooling effect on the planet.
The researchers estimate that such a device theoretically could achieve a net cooling of 100 watts per square meter.
Optimizing strategies that maximize the net cooling power are also presented.
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These reductions only account for the direct reduction in the net cooling- and heating-energy use of buildings.
This article presents the general procedure for uncertainty calculation of net total cooling effect estimation for rating room air conditioners and packaged terminal air conditioners, by means of measurements carried out in a test bench specially designed for this purpose.
Whether a cloud has a net heating or cooling effect depends on its temperature.
When clouds form, however, they block out some solar radiation and thereby have a net effect of cooling the air.
These are some of the reasons why, though the black carbon in brown clouds has a warming effect, the clouds' net effect is to cool the planet beneath them.When such a layer of pollutants warms the atmosphere (because of its black-carbon content) but cools the surface, it can have effects well beyond any net warming or cooling.
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