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> -wrap-foot> Data were collected in the nestling stage, and nestlings were size-ranked (1 or 2) based on their wing length.
When the change in feeding rate was compared between mid- and late-nestling stages we found that nestling stage had no effect on the change in provisioning rate (χ21 = 0.33, p = 0.566).
If infection of a Trichomonas-type protozoan could be acquired during the tyrannosaurid nestling stage we would expect to find occasional nestlings that had died of an acute disease course due to a naïve immune system as is seen in modern birds.
Our data support a prediction of the developmental hypothesis, which suggests that altricial nestlings gradually increase their glucocorticoid stress response during the nestling stage until exhibiting an adult like profile [48].
Mortality was higher during the egg stage than during the nestling stage.
The best model for the nestling stage included a small effect of turbine proximity, with nest survival being slightly higher, though not significantly so, closer to turbines.
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We modeled daily nest survival rates during the incubation and nestling stages in program MARK.
At all three nestling stages, partners of focal birds significantly increased their provisioning rates (paired t-tests: early-stage, t56 = 3.3, p = 0.001; mid-stage, t45 = 2.4, p = 0.017; late-stage, t26 = 4.0, p<0.001; Figure 3).
At all three nestling stages, focal bird provisioning rate increased relative to the control period following playback of begging calls (paired t-tests: early-stage, t57 = 4.6, p<0.001; mid-stage, t45 = 3.8, P = 0.001; late-stage, t26 = 5.0, p<0.001; see Figure 2).
However, if this was the case one would expect parents to exactly match the feeding rate of their manipulated partner, whereas we find exact matching in only 7% of observations at day 4, and in only 24% of observations at the later nestling stages.
We predicted a sex difference in response to focal bird work-rate at the early-nestling stage, when information available to the two sexes is asymmetrical.
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