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We built different scenarios with respect of the percentage of successful breeding females, in order to incorporate in simulations a correction for nesting failure, which is quite high and due to predation in ground-nesting passerines of Spanish steppelands [31].
It has also caused widespread nesting failure among Brandt's cormorants and mass starvation among sea lions.
In case of a nesting failure, replacement clutches may be laid.
This highlights the fact that American white ibises do not use probability of nesting failure as a key factor in determining nesting sites but instead, rely on other criteria such as prey availability and nest-site predation rates.
In this age class, mating failure also seems to have influenced the arrival date (Table 1), but nesting failure did not show any relationship.
The lack of influence of nesting failure can be explained by low variation of clutch size and fledgling number (Król et al. 2002).
Similar(49)
But since then, California brown pelicans — slightly smaller versions of the subspecies seen on the East and Gulf Coasts — have experienced unprecedented nesting failures and starved to death by the thousands because Pacific sardines, their most important food, have disappeared.
If they don't come around, and if pelican starvation and nesting failures continue to be the norm, the Fish and Wildlife Service may be forced to relist the California brown pelican as endangered.
But unusual mortality events, coupled with near-total nesting failures in the Channel Islands during other recent years, have left many West Coast seabird advocates concerned about the lack of comprehensive monitoring data.
These features are important to consider because nest failure in most avian species, particularly ground-nesting birds, is due primarily to predation (Gregg et al. 1994; Conway and Martin 2000; Chalfoun et al. 2002; Holloran et al. 2005; Stephens et al. 2005; Moynahan et al. 2007), as it was in this study.
Citizen scientists will help find any geographical variations in the number of eggs laid and young fledged, possible causes of nest failure and any changes in nest failures since the eye disease began.
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