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In our previous studies of EV71 infection in the neonatal monkey model, the peak viral load during the EV71 infection process occurred in the axillary lymph nodes, submaxillary lymph nodes and lung lymph nodes from days 5 to 8 p.i., during which time viral viremia develops.
Because EV71 is delivered via a respiratory tract spray in our established neonatal monkey model, this study highlights the relationship between CD14+ cells and EV71 antigen expression in the trachea, axillary lymph nodes and spleens of infected animals sacrificed at day 5 p.i.
As demonstrated in our previous studies, an EV71 viremia peak is typically present from days 5 to 8 p.i. in the neonatal monkey model, followed by sustained high viral loads from days 7 to 10 p.i. in the CNS and other organs, including brown adipose tissue and lymph nodes.
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Furthermore, by separating PBMCs into different cell subsets, we found EV71-infected CD14+ cells in the respiratory tract mucosal tissue of EV71-infected neonatal monkeys.
In these cells, the virus might be maintained and could subsequently migrate to tissues and/or organs in infected neonatal monkeys.
To explore the potential mechanism of the EV71 infection of CD14+ cells in infected neonatal monkeys, the dynamic proliferation of the virus in infected CD14+ cells and other PBMCs from normal monkeys in experimental group 2 was assessed in vitro.
The observations are based on the infection of CD14+ cells by EV71 in a neonatal rhesus monkey model that was previously established in our laboratory.
Previous research in our laboratory has shown that damage to the amygdala in neonatal rhesus monkeys profoundly alters behaviors associated with fear processing, while leaving many aspects of social development intact.
An adaptive immune response induced by the back-transfusion of EV71-infected CD14+ cells was observed in donor neonatal rhesus monkeys.
We have reported previously that an R848-conjugated, inactivated vaccine is more effective at inducing adaptive immune responses and protecting against lung pathology in influenza challenged neonatal African green monkeys than is the unmodified counterpart.
Here we report the results of a study that was designed to assess interest in infants by female rhesus monkeys that received neonatal lesions to the amygdala, hippocampus or a sham surgical procedure.
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