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The engagingly implausible "Red River Range" finds the Mesquiteers drafted by the governor to investigate a rash of rustling around a newly established dude ranch; turns out that the sleazy operators are actually enlisting guests to participate in raids on neighboring herds they've been told are all part of their carefully planned western experience.
To control the Dutch CSFV epidemic, the base-line containment strategy was extended with a pre-emptive slaughter of "neighboring herds" (more precisely, ring culling within a 1 kilometer radius from infected herds).
However, when HRLE was partitioned into within-ownership and outside-ownership, it was obvious that the likelihood of local spread was determined primarily by the co-existence of neighboring herds under the same ownership that experienced a PCVAD outbreak at concurrent times.
Existence of apparent local spread over the entire study period was confirmed (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.06, 4.83), and was further identified to be time-varying in nature - herds experiencing outbreaks in the later part of the epidemic were more likely than control herds to be exposed to neighboring herds experiencing recent PCVAD outbreaks.
Trespassing bulls from neighboring herds may double the risk of a herd being positive to BGC [ 38], and transmission in cattle is known to be associated with sharing, renting or mixing of bulls and other cattle on common grazing land or extensive cattle management [ 5, 8, 38].
Tuberculosis breakdowns have been reported in neighboring herds, and the area supports a substantial badger population.
Similar(47)
The spatial kernel is given by a function p(r) of the distance r between the reference herd and the neighboring herd and is assumed to be independent of the local density of herds.
Both schooling and employment prospects are poor in this impoverished region, where neighboring Kurds herd sheep and ride donkeys to market.
The limitation of our original finding of the existence of apparent local spread was that the results were not adjusted for factors that could facilitate such a conclusion, even in the complete absence of radial spread of a causative agent from an infected farm to a neighboring susceptible herd.
If M. bovis is confirmed in a herd, the subsequent investigation may include identification of all epidemiologically linked (contact) herds: adjacent (immediate neighboring) and surrounding herd(s) (in the vicinity), trace-ins to find the source of infection, and trace-outs through registered sales and livestock auction markets to find other exposed animals and herds [ 3],[ 20].
By calculating R hi for each pig herd i in the country we are able to identify high-risk areas as areas spanned by groups of neighboring high-risk herds.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com