In contrast, the PML absorbing condition generates very weak, almost negligible, reflections from the boundaries compared to the one-way and sponge boundary conditions.
As evident for frequencies f∼ 200 Hz, the shell directs the elastic waves around the object with negligible reflections, rendering the object nearly invisible.
The derivations are based on the assumption that waves propagate with negligible partial reflections in the systems, which holds when the relative variation of the properties of the systems is small over a wavelength of vibration.
In early systole (part I), P (t) can be calculated using the water hammer equation (19, 26) under the assumption of negligible wave reflections.
Using one spectrally encoded channel for imaging and a separate channel for incoherent illumination, the new system has large depth of field, negligible back reflections and well controlled speckle noise which depends on the core diameter of the illumination fiber.
Since data concerning the actual environmental conditions in space debris removal missions are still not available, in this work we initially assume that the earth reflection is negligible.
Although two crossing lines formed by two conical surfaces from each measurement are obtained, the line above ground can be uniquely determined because the reception by ground reflection is negligible in this antenna geometry.
Findings demonstrate that the electrical conductivity of the composites increased with EPD durations up to 10 min, while the skin depth remained, in all case, one order on magnitude less than the specimen thickness, hence rendering multiple internal reflection issues negligible.
The normalized output power remains constant with varying optrode length because the shanks are straight and retain total internal reflection with negligible losses; this characteristic is contrary to that of tapered silicon optrode shanks, where the length defines the taper and ultimately determines the efficiency [ 41].
