The discharge curve was flat and negative mass utilization efficiency was higher than 50% when the cell was discharged with C5/5 A (137 Ah kg−1 negative active materials).
It should be noted, however, that the present paper is only an exploratory study and cannot say anything about possible channels for positive or negative relationships between utilization in different sectors.
Drug stockouts have been argued to be a major constraint, with a negative impact on utilization and quality of care.
It has been argued that quality improvements that result from user charges reduce their negative impact on utilization especially of the poor.
Otherwise, repeated problems with drug stocks could have a negative effect on utilization [ 31], as in Zambia, and on staff morale, as in South Africa [ 32].
It has been argued that there are quality improvements that result from user charges [ 1- 5], which reduce their negative impact on utilization, especially by the poor [ 6].
Moreover, negative attitudes towards utilization of ITNs in spite of increased level of knowlege of MIP were implicated for non-use.
If current expenditures are large, fee for service may have serious negative impacts on utilization and on the economic well-being of Bangladeshi households.
Furthermore, evidence shows that introduction of formal user fees and demands for payment 'under the table' have a negative influence on utilization of maternal health care services, particularly during childbirth [ 46, 48].
However, there is increasing consensus that they have a significantly negative impact on utilization, especially by the poor (James et al. 2006; Lagarde and Palmer 2006; Meessen et al. 2007; Lagarde and Palmer 2008).
