Sentence examples for negative timing from inspiring English sources

The time of the evoked AP was chosen so that the AP occurred within a few tens of milliseconds either before (negative timing) or after (positive timing) the time of the initial response peak.

As a result, by taking all recordings together based on whether the pairing spike was delivered before (red, negative timing) or after (green, positive timing) the initial peak, the time of pairing spikes ranged from 82 ms before the response peak to 62 ms after.

We therefore calculated the time course of changes in the subthreshold response relative to the time of the pairing spike for all neurons (positive and negative timing inductions, n = 32, Figure 5B, grey lines).

VITAL compliant simulators can use VITAL procedures to enable negative timing constraint checks.

Values for the timing generics used for negative timing constraints are not backannotated but are calculated by the simulator prior to the start of simulation.

Histograms show the number of neurons with positive timing and negative timing.

We have therefore included significance tests for individual neurons, revealing that 4 neurons for positive timings and another 4 for negative timings show significant changes in AP firing.

(C ) The model fits the rate dependence of synaptic plasticity (squares, (Sjöström et al., 2001 )) for both positive (blue: +10 ms) and negative timings (red: −10 ms).

As with the suprathreshold response centers, for negative timings subthreshold response centers tended to move away from the paired position, but these changes were too small to be significant (p>0.05, Figure 4C).

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09685.004 Next, we wanted to examine whether the application of exogenous DA during pairing at negative spike-timing intervals facilitates synaptic potentiation.

These results suggest a modulatory action of endogenous DA, presumably released during the pairing protocol (Frey et al., 1990; Yang and Dani, 2014), which resulted in the changed polarity of plasticity at narrow negative spike-timing intervals.