Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(1)
Exact(5)
The maximum ratio of positive to negative storms is observed at around 30°N magnetic latitude.
The negative storm mainly occurs from post-middle night to morning hours and the positive storm mainly occurs during daytime at middle latitudes; while both the positive and negative storms mainly occur during nighttime at equatorial latitude.
While the negative storms are usually explained by the storm-time thermospheric composition changes (e.g., Fuller-Rowell et al. 1994; Prölss 1995), the positive storms remain less certain.
These storm-time alterations are known to often provoke ionospheric positive storms in the winter hemisphere, whereas negative storms occur more often in the summer hemisphere (e.g., Prölss 1995; Danilov 2013).
The observations of Albrecht et al. (2011) and Carey and Buffalo (2007), which show a greater number of positive storms occurring in environments associated with stronger conditional instability and larger buoyancy in the mixed-phase region compared to negative storms, support this idea.
Similar(55)
Both positive and negative storm phases are associated with the PEF.
The latter relies on that long-lived negative storm effects are induced by neutral composition changes.
The h′F data show increases in association with the negative storm effects.
Negative storm phases, F-layer density decreases, are also present in the pre-dawn and pre-noon sectors.
The diurnal pattern of total electron content (TEC) shows a strong negative storm during the main phase of the storm.
The ionospheric response is characterized by a negative storm effect expanding from mid high to low latitude.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com