Sentence examples for negative potential ratio from inspiring English sources

The CZTSSe samples exhibit a lower positive potential ratio of 66% at the GBs and also a lower negative potential ratio of 30% at the IGs.

Furthermore, our group reported the presence of the positive potential ratio at the GBs and a negative potential ratio at the IGs in CZTSSe thin-film, and these are closely related to device properties, especially to the J SC.

Higher positive potential ratio at GBs and lower negative potential ratio at IGs are exhibited in CZTSSe thin-film with NaF. Figure 6(a) displays the schematics of a band diagram near the GBs in the CZTSSe thin-films, and Figure 6(b) shows the CZTSSe thin-films with a 30 nm NaF layer.

However, the CZTSSe with NaF indicates a higher positive potential ratio of 77% (15 nm of NaF) and 94% (30 nm of NaF) at the GBs and a negative potential ratio of 45% (15 nm of NaF) and 60% (30 nm of NaF) at the IGs.

The results are based on the line profiles of the regions of near GBs, and the histograms exhibit a positive potential distribution at the GBs as shown in Figures 5(a)–(c) and a negative potential distribution ratio at the IGs as shown in Figures 5(d)–(f).

For acidic ionic liquids that have a ZnCl2/EMIC molar ratio higher than 0.5 1, the negative potential limit is due to the deposition of metallic zinc, and the positive potential limit is due to the oxidation of the chlorozincate complexes.

The ratio of alcohol to pinacol increases with increasing negative potential and with decreasing temperature.

A more negative potential (−1.75 V) leads to more Ge deposition and hence a lower Sb/Ge ratio, while a decrease of the potential to −1.5 V suppresses the deposition of Ge and results in a higher Sb/Ge ratio.

Blue, positive potential; red, negative potential.

The hearth plate is at negative potential.

Only negative potential shock structures are observed.