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As the SSP goes up, more exchangeable sodium is available, and the greater the potential for negative plant and soil impacts.
Independent of positive or negative plant responses to MWCNT treatments, the direct cell contact of individual or agglomerated CNTs seems to be a prerequisite for the induction of any effects, with differences in plant sensitivity or different physical parameters of CNTs (diameter, length, degree of aggregation) as determinants for the variable expression of plant responses.
This system is conserved among most of the gram negative plant and animal pathogenic bacteria.
Generally very negative plant membrane potentials and the ability to accumulate sucrose quantities of more than 1 M document that plants must have evolved transporters with unique structural and functional features.
Xylella fastidiosa is a Gram negative plant pathogen causing many economically important diseases, and analyses of completely sequenced X. fastidiosa genome strains allowed the identification of many prophage-like elements and possibly phage remnants, accounting for up to 15% of the genome composition.
The higher ROC value observed for HMM80 confirms its superior ability to discriminate between positive and negative plant examples.
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Counter-intuitively, negative plant-animal interactions (harmful for one or both species) show stronger tolerance to habitat destruction (i.e., higher species persistence) than positive interactions (beneficial to one or both species), in spite of lower patch occupancy.
All positive T1 plants exhibited significantly increased lesion lengths compared with WT or negative plants segregated from the T0 transgenic lines (Fig. 3c and d).
Allelopathy (negative, plant-plant chemical interactions) has been largely studied as an autecological process, often assuming simplistic associations between pairs of isolated species.
One of the best studied and most debated cases of negative plant-soil feedback is that of Ammophila species in the early succession of coastal dune vegetation.
As such, species that rapidly undergo range expansion during invasion have a demonstrated capacity to escape their soil antagonists and thus negative plant-pathogen interactions; examples include rapid range expansion of Prunus serotina in Europe (Reinhart et al., 2003) and Centaurea maculosa in North America (Callaway et al., 2004).
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