However, Moise and Kalipeni found a negative relationship for literacy rates above 20% in Zambia based on a spatial lag model.
For parents or caregivers of unknown or HIV negative status, treatment literacy covered some basics about home-based care for positive children as well as the usual subjects related to HAART adherence.
There is extensive literature on the oral health effects of low caregiver education, which is associated with low health literacy, negative oral health-related behaviors, and social disadvantage [ 44- 47].
Many elementary teachers, even experienced ones, are uncomfortable teaching science for a variety of reasons, including poor scientific literacy, negative attitudes toward science, and the belief that science is difficult to teach (see van Aalderen-Smeets et al. [2012] and references therein).
We have also highlighted the potential negative implications of literacy-related stigma for people's mental wellbeing which could perhaps be seen as an example of a 'direct' (i.e. not just service-mediated) impact of low literacy on health.
These included forgetfulness, low health literacy, and negative beliefs about medicines.
Other notable barriers were a lack of mental health literacy, and negative past experiences of help-seeking.
Barriers included stigma, a lack of mental health literacy, and negative past experiences, and facilitators included positive attitudes from peers, and positive relationships with providers.
In addition, more insight is needed in cultural aspects regarding the disclosure of family risk, the effect of low health literacy and negative modelling in families at risk when utilizing family-based strategies in diabetes prevention.
Though stereotypes about Kansans might suggest that those living rurally or coming from very small high schools would be more susceptible to political inactivity, religious conservatism, negative attitudes, and lack of literacy and exposure, little evidence supported these clichés in the present university sample.
