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Pressures less than atmospheric are negative gauge pressures that correspond to partial vacuums.
Type A and B sensors achieved positive and negative gauge factors up to 20 and 40 in magnitude, respectively.
We have found that polyaniline has a negative gauge factor of K = −4.9, which makes it a candidate for piezoresistive read-out in polymer based MEMS-devices.
Since the investigation focuses on flexural elements with at least two layers of textile reinforcement, the experiments also reveal negative gauge factors of −2.7 to −6.5 for compressive strains.
Type B sensors, whose electrodes were printed on the polyimide substrate, utilize the effects of applied strains on the contact resistances between layers of the CNTN structure and between CNTN and the electrodes, exhibited large negative gauge factors.
The detailed numerical solutions compare well with experimental results and confirm that an air trapped plunging wave impact causes the vertical wall to experience pulsating pressure loadings in which alternate positive and negative gauge pressures occur in sequence following the first applied pressure peak.
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Externally-generated electrons from the flood gun can cause serious errors in the pressures indicated by the gauges; the error can be positive or negative depending on the gauge current-measuring circuit.
Two approaches were considered: (a) rain gauges randomly underestimate (negative bias) rainfall and (b) rain gauges randomly overestimate (positive bias) rainfall.
C1 Another High for Oil Prices Oil prices climbed to an all-time high, driving stocks lower and leaving all three major market gauges in negative territory for the year.
Following high-profile rallies just prior to the Iowa caucuses in December and leading up to Super Tuesday in February, Ms. Winfrey all but disappeared from the campaign trail, leading some pundits to wonder whether she had gauged a negative effect on her business.
The film, she adds, accomplishes this in part by focusing on the servants' faces, gauging their negative reactions to events.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com