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Negative emotional memory bias is thought to play a causal role in the onset and maintenance of major depressive disorder.
Considering the REM association with negative emotional memory reported here, such REM abnormalities in depression may represent a maladaptive consolidation process of prior negative affective experiences, which, due to the increased REM amount and faster speed of entry into REM, could selectively and disproportionately reinforce negative memories at night, thereby potentiating the mood disorder.
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In particular, negative emotional memories are typically more durable than neutral memories, especially after longer retention intervals2,3,4,5.
Now scientists have found evidence to support the idea that negative emotional memories are harder to reverse after a night's sleep.
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep has been shown to selectively consolidate negative emotional memories in healthy participants, and is greater in quantity and density in depressed patients.
A very recent study showed that once negative emotional memories are consolidated during sleep, they're less likely to be suppressed.
Amygdala, together with OFC and NAc, processes cues that predict positive or negative outcomes in goal-directed behavior, guiding decisions with cue-induced positive and negative emotional memories [75]; amygdala damage impairs the use of emotional memories as animals choose among behaviors [76].
Using a nap paradigm, here we demonstrate the selective offline benefit of sleep on the consolidation of negative emotional memories.
Using a nap paradigm, we measured the consolidation of neutral and negative emotional memories, and the association with REM-sleep electrophysiology.
Using a nap paradigm, here we explore the consolidation of neutral and negative emotional memories, and test the hypothesis that affective memories are selectively facilitated by REM sleep, and specifically oscillations in the theta frequency range.
Further work with people with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) suggests that using propranolol in this way doesn't erase a memory, but may blunt the reconsolidation of the memory's negative emotional content.
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