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Exact(3)
lIn Shanghainese the interrogative utterance particle va is incompatible with negative clauses, on a par with VP-Neg questions with 沒有 meiyou in Mandarin (Shi 石定栩 2007).
Better comprehension (faster responses) of factual target clauses, affirmative clauses, and true statements was observed compared to counterfactual target clauses, negative clauses, and false statements.
Only those positive and negative clauses for which both coders agreed were submitted to the gesture analysis (686 with negative valence, 606 with positive valence).
Similar(57)
In VP-Neg questions, if the external conjunct is a negative clause, the negative clause would be repeated and negated in the second conjunct, as in 51.
The internal conjunct is not necessarily a negative clause, for instance, 69.
The negative clause is not copied and will be not negated.
What F conjoins is the positive clause in the external conjunct and the negative clause in the internal conjunct.
F connects the positive clause and the negative clause, which would mean something like "Did he read or not read?".
As the negative clause cannot be negated again, the ungrammaticality of 47 is expected, exhibiting the phenomenon of reversed polarity from the preceding clause.
really__he__come-PERF__MA. Secondly, the discrepancy between 46 and 47 shows that ma is compatible with a negative clause while meiyou 'not' is not (Shi 石定栩 2007)l.
The majority (22) of comprehension problems related to the SRHI, particularly those featuring a negative clause (e.g., '… I have no need to think about doing' [9 problems]; … 'I do without having to consciously remember' [4]).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com