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The required winding technologies were clarified through designing the coils, and the R&D of winding technologies for coils with three-dimensional shape and those with negative bend are in progress.
Negative bend angles indicate a downward directed bend.
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Under negative bending, the flexural reinforcement consisted of two #4 top bars.
Table 5 Design results calculated from PSDM: interior and exterior beams under negative bending (kN m).
Open image in new window Figure 14 Negative bending stress response.
The 3300 mm long simply supported girders were tested in positive and negative bending.
Parametrical analysis is carried out on the prestressed composite beams with external tendons in negative bending.
Flexural capacities were determined from moment-curvature relationships for a header section under positive and negative bending moments.
This is because M d under negative bending was governed by the steel section, rather than the concrete flange.
The rotational capacity of I-girders in the negative bending moment region is a crucial design parameter, since a large negative bending moment occurs near bridge piers where plastic hinges are first formed.
In three separate site visits, a strong inverse relationship was seen between temperature gradient and center negative bending moments.
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