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In stage 1 of the CPA, an adversary needs to observe a correct N-bit keystream from a ciphertext that has been encrypted by a chosen plaintext.
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To adopt his approach, we need to observe a number of replicated observations at each design point.
A Downing Street spokesman said in response: "The PM has been clear that both sides in the Gaza conflict need to observe a ceasefire.
A spokesman added: "The PM has been clear that both sides in the Gaza conflict need to observe a ceasefire".
Given these levels of variation, it is valuable to establish the number of subjects needed to observe a significant difference for future studies.
Surely, in the future we need to observe a common volume with three radars to answer some questions raised in this paper.
The numbers of subjects (95% CI) needed to observe a 1%, 10% or 30% difference in nicotine extraction between two snus pouches would be 1528, 17 or 4, respectively.
We determined the minimum a priori relative effective sample size (RESS, representing the a priori strength of belief) needed to observe a significant a posteriori OR distribution: how much physicians have to be convinced a priori that CM increases AKI risk to maintain this belief after being confronted with the studies data.
You just need to observe a few simple conventions, obey a few simple rules and, in next to no time, you'll be so rich you'll never have to go near that shitpit of a city ever again.
Accordingly, not only is a larger response produced, but also a lower concentration of agonist is likely needed to observe a response.
A larger study population (we estimate at least n = 258 children and n = 3912 adults for 3D7 GIA) would be needed to observe a statistically significant difference in GIA stratified by baseline BS status.
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