LTNCs represent a diverse group of conditions, encompassing people with widely different needs for services, against which the adequacy of service provision must be judged.
Celebrity reflects not just the impulse to worship, but the need for ideals against which and through which we define ourselves.
So whenever we recognise that there is a problem of multiple hypotheses testing, we need a reference against which to compare our findings.
"The [ANC] organisation is not in a strong state at this stage, and it needs an external enemy against which it can unite its own followers," said Susan Booysen, a political scientist at the University of the Witwatersrand and the author of a recent book on the ANC.
Additionally, a national or international standard needs to be developed against which the performance of different brands of hip protectors can be compared.
What if I was so imprinted by dogma that I needed the very narrowness against which I strained?
The growing need for baseline data against which efforts to reduce the rate of biodiversity loss can be judged highlights the importance of long-term datasets, some of which are as old as ecology itself.
We need a measuring stick against which to critique Copenhagen, and 350 ppm co2 is the best one we're going to get.
It is clear that the ability to decontaminate equipment is dependant upon the initial level of contamination and we therefore needed a quantifiable benchmark against which to compare studies.
This kind of engagement and interaction needs to be the backdrop against which existing students see themselves develop, whether through mentoring each other during study or mentoring successive generations of future students.
