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Multimorbidity and mental health status, both reflecting the need factor in the Andersen model, were the dominant predictors of health care costs.
MM and mental health status, both representing the need factor in the Andersen model, were the dominant predictors of health care costs.
The CIRS-G score and the SF-12 MCS score representing the need factor in the Andersen model were consistently associated with total, inpatient, outpatient and nursing costs.
As a measure of psychological well-being, optimism (i.e., whether the respondent often looks at the bright side of things) (yes versus no), was also included as a need factor in the analysis.
The results of the regression analyses (Table 5) revealed that the CIRS-G score and the SF-12 MCS score, representing the need factor in the Andersen model, were consistently associated with total, inpatient, outpatient and nursing costs: A one point increase in the CIRS-G score was associated with an increase of 18 € in 3-month inpatient costs, 17 € in outpatient costs and 3 € in nursing costs.
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Toseland and his colleagues [ 14] maintain that predisposing factors and enabling factors are more important than need factors in predicting usage of services.
Many predisposing, enabling, and need factors in the Andersen model were significantly associated with unmet LTC needs among the oldest old in China.
We specified the disabled status, presence of illness within 2 weeks before the survey and presence of chronic diseases as the need factors in the study.
This study employs a sequential logit model to account for the effects of predisposing, enabling and need factors in all stages of utilization of health services.
As the German health care system aims at providing universal access to comprehensive health care services, we were interested in the relative impact of predisposing, enabling, and need factors in Germany as compared to findings from the international literature.
When we examined the need factors in detail, the distribution of age sex groups and NCDs pushed utilization in a pro-poor direction by about 40 and 21%, respectively.
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