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These include dysfunctional voiding (DV), idiopathic detrusor overactivity disorder (IDOD), detrusor underutilization disorder (DUD), and primary bladder neck dysfunction (PBND).
From these findings we postulated that patients who complain of dizziness are likely to have prolonged lag times that are a proxy for bladder neck dysfunction (BND).
It is our experience that some children with bowel and bladder dysfunction (BBD) who have bladder neck dysfunction had a tendency to complain of dizziness when we subjected the patients with dizziness to tilt-table testing to confirm the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction.
High levels of muscle tenderness in upper trapezius and temporalis muscles correlated with high levels of jaw and neck dysfunction.
The healthy group had to score less than 4 points on the Neck Disability Index in order to be considered as having no neck dysfunction.
The review of Pietrobon and colleagues [ 15] also included the Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale [ 22], which was excluded from our study since it only concerned neck dysfunction.
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After providing written informed consent, all patients were asked to fill out questionnaires regarding their quality of life reduced by headache (MIDAS [26], or neck dysfunctions (NDI [27], and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ [28]).
Studies suggest that CEH can be explained by local factors in the neck with dysfunction of the neck muscles and mechanical cervical spine pathology leading to limited cervical movements and projection of the pain [24].
It is the combination of limitation of cervical movement together with evidence of deep neck flexor dysfunction and pain on palpation of the upper cervical spine that confirms the presence of CGH with a high degree of certainty [20].
He had a stiff neck, vestibular dysfunction, ataxia, and nystagmus.
We will ask participants to provide a global rating of improvement in their neck related dysfunction on a seven point scale ranging from "completely gone" to "much worse".
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com