In the crossover operation, the mating of chromosomes is necessary for offspring production.
In fact, the universality of niche construction implicates all species in a certain kind of sociality insofar as parental effects are always necessary to offspring fitness.
To test additionally whether adult presence is necessary for offspring survival, I repeated the experiment twice: once with and once without the adult present.
The zoo will, if necessary, euthanize an offspring — ideally, at an age when the animal would typically leave its family in the wild.
Taking advantage of this system, we demonstrated that de novo methyl farnesoate (MF) synthesis is necessary for male offspring production.
Because all mothers in ACHOIS had mild GDM, we could not assess the effect of treatment of more severe GDM, which might be necessary to program offspring obesity.
This was necessary because several offspring carrying the same insertion could appear within a P2 family as a result of a premeiotic remobilization event.
From an evolutionary point of view, a species' best survival strategy is to limit the investment of resources in the repair of injuries to the amount that is necessary to produce offspring.
She had become an extreme specialist: she laid eggs, while the workers performed all the labor necessary to raise her offspring, their sisters.
When children go through their Enid Blyton phase, parents are best advised simply to shovel the necessary volumes at their offspring, then hunker down and pray for literary daylight.
