The present assay enables measurement of growth laws in a batch culture, including the stages where substrate is rapidly depleted by cells nearing stationary phase.
Dr. Schramm's equation analyzes behavior in two-dimensional systems near "phase transitions" when order suddenly appears out of disorder, like tiny magnets that suddenly line up in the same direction.
where 〈⋅〉 represents a slicer which maps the angle in the argument to the nearest phase from the possible phase rotations.
The results suggest that other materials near phase boundaries may have similar high fracture resistance.
Nonequilibrium statistical physics, in particular the collective behavior of interacting particles near phase transitions, has already been recognized as very valuable for understanding counterintuitive evolutionary outcomes.
The stabilization of blend morphology by formation of graft copolymers was studied for compositions near phase inversion as well as at compositions away from this region.
Intriguing new effects here are associated with the electrode charge or overpotential effects on the tunnel factor and with the feasibility of observation of critical current behaviour near phase transitions in thin films across which electron tunnelling occurs.
