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Table 7 further divides these TARs according to their distance to the nearest annotated genes.
Even if exceptions are possible, we consider these IPACs to be pertaining to the nearest annotated genes, or false positives.
For some such as the chromosome 4 SST1 array or the PRR20 array on chromosome 13q21.1 any influence is likely negligible given that the nearest annotated genes are considerable physical distances away.
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For RNA expression of nearest annotated gene for sites that lose BRD9 ChIP binding with I-BRD9, ChIP peaks were annotated to the closest transcription start site (TSS) and the associated log2 fold change (I-BRD9/DMSO) was determined.
Interestingly, we also found sequences near annotated genes in antisense orientation (Additional file 4 B,D).
We mapped cell type specific peaks to the nearest Refseq annotated genes and observed that both KO-specific promoter and enhancer peak target genes correlated highly with genes upregulated in Lsd1 knockout Gr1dim Macellsells.
On chromosome 4 the SST1 array resides within a gene poor region of 4q28.3 with the nearest annotated flanking genes being PCDH10 1.4 Mb distal to the array and C4orf33 approximately 2.6Mb proximal.
Marioni et al. used RNA-seq to map deep sequencing of mRNAs to the human genome; they found that a significant portion of the mRNA sequences fall near an annotated gene but not in the annotated region [39], which suggests that annotations of many genes in the Ensembl or UCSC require extension or revision.
As shown in Additional file 4, most of these sequences are located near the 5' or 3' of annotated genes.
Most HOT regions co-localize with RNA polymerase II binding sites, but many are not near the promoters of annotated genes.
Based upon the current genome annotation (2,838 annotated genes in total), each TSS covers 1.52 genes.
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