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As John McCain and Barack Obama gathered for their first presidential debate, the outlines of the 2008 race for the White House were fairly clear a candidate offering change at a time of significant economic downturn vs. an opponent warning of the dangers in choosing an inexperienced and naïve individual for the nation's highest office.
Only the most naïve individual or an individual who is totally invested in the ideology of free markets at the expense of humanity would be satisfied with his flimsy excuses.
The second parameter, μ, provides the probability that a naïve individual makes a copying error during cultural transmission.
The probability that each naïve individual makes a mistake when copying a variant is given by μ.
In cases where the parental generation of a group displays more than one modal variant, each naïve individual randomly selects one of the modal variants to copy.
For example, in Norway rats Rattus norvergicus, long-lasting food preferences are acquired after a few minutes interaction of a naïve individual with a demonstrator [3].
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It's too easy to create a network of fake sites and fake social media accounts that enable those with questionable ethics to make money or sway political opinions of gullible and naïve individuals online.
A suitable methodologically robust study design would be to sample treatment naïve individuals with a first episode and multiple previous episodes of illness and compare treatment effectiveness between the groups.
All naïve individuals were tested only once.
Each group receives N = 25 naïve individuals.
In control groups, with no trained sheep, naïve individuals never walked towards the panel [23].
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