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This might happen because surgeons tend to join grafts at right angles to vessel walls in a single flat plane, rather than having them curve in like a freeway onramp as natural vessels do.
To overcome this limitation, artificial alternatives have been devised, including synthetic expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and Dacron grafts and decellularisation of natural vessels [1].
In particular, the development of decellularised vessel scaffolds allows for the creation of an 'off-the-shelf' material combining the characteristics of the natural vessels and as a substrate for cell adhesion and growth with low immunogenicity.
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The custom of cooking the innards of an animal in its own natural vessel of a stomach bag probably came here from Scandinavia on Viking longboats, and haggis gained its honor as Scotland's national dish in 1786 through the Burns poem "Address to the Haggis".
Though the end product is a nonliving simulacrum of a blood vessel rather than an artificial version of the real, biologically active thing, experiments on animals suggest that it works well enough to substitute for a diseased natural vessel (for example, a clogged coronary artery that might otherwise cause a heart attack).
Therefore, this study suggests that the mimicry of natural vessel tissues with properly crosslinked biopolymer composites could be a potential material design strategy for vascular graft materials.
The aim of this study was to develop a rapid endothelialization method for creating an anti-thrombogenic surface mimicking the natural vessel wall in the artificial vascular networks.
It is concluded that if ECs are grown on the composite matrix that mimics natural vessel scaffold, the cell number can be amplified without affecting its normal physiological function and may be used to generate effective tissue-engineered cardiovascular constructs.
During follow-up, patients were administered pharmacological agents aimed at assessing vessel motion, and preliminary evidence suggested that natural vessel motion was restored, which has been hypothesized to improve long-term clinical outcomes [ 26].
Although some strategies have been established to sustain delivery of proangiogenic factors or genes from biodegradable scaffolds [ 6, 7] and mimic the process of natural vessel development in some degree [ 8], vascularization in vivo triggered by complex proangiogenic signal network still cannot fully reappear by offering combinations of multiple factors.
Later, when the scientists inspected the implants under a microscope, they found that like natural blood vessels, the synthetic ones had an inner lining and contained smooth muscle cells and elastin, a highly elastic protein that allows blood vessels expand and contract.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com