Suggestions(2)
Exact(3)
Our data suggest that body shape changes have repeatedly evolved into a more limnetic-like form in several of these natural replicates.
Invasive species with global distributions are interesting for studying evolution because the different introduced populations of global invaders can serve as natural replicates for studying the evolutionary responses to introduction.
Demes spawning in sunny-side tributaries spawn up to four weeks earlier and their eggs and larvae have a considerably higher development temperature as water temperatures rise much faster than in shady side tributaries (Table 1 and 2), thus providing natural replicates of "warm" (sunny) and "cold" (shady) tributaries.
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Near the end of the study there was a flood event that disturbed the barrier between the two natural habitat replicates, which made survival estimates between replicates not possible.
An alternative approach, which we use here, is to compare natural biogeographical replicates, in this case two independent sky-island archipelagos, that, according to the midden data, have experienced similar postglacial histories.
Nevertheless, to ensure that low-level visual cues do not contribute to the infant face-selective response, we exposed another group of 10 4–6 months infants (4 females, mean age = 163 days) to alternating 20-s sequences of phase-scrambled faces and objects (e.g., Sadr and Sinha, 2004; Rossion and Caharel, 2011) and of natural stimuli replicating exactly those used in the previous experiment.
Using 16 simulated patterns of mature forest loss and fragmentation and three natural landscapes as replicates, we assessed the respective influence of forest loss and fragmentation on the abundance of 10 bird species common in the boreal forest of eastern Canada.
Since MAB breeding to certain degree mimics or replicates natural selection, novel cultivars produced through MAB breeding have been regarded as genetically safe.
For empirical datasets collected from natural populations, bootstrap replicates can be used to approximate confidence intervals around parameter estimates [ 4], and modifications to AIC can help correct for biases in model selection [ 31].
Notice that this probabilistic formulation allows for a natural incorporation of replicate information by simply multiplying the likelihoods of replicate profiles.
It has been extremely difficult to use natural enzymes to replicate DNA that contains artificial bases, even in the test tube.
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