In nature, compartmentalization is one of the essential requirements for life.
Here, we discuss recent advances and ongoing efforts in designing and characterizing synthetic compartmentalization systems to mimic natural strategies and increase metabolic yields of engineered pathways.
Natural selection might also lead to compartmentalization of the brain, so that one particular region could be dedicated to visual processing, another to auditory processing, and still another to face processing.
The flow of peritoneal fluid occurs along the natural pathways determined by peritoneal configuration, compartmentalization, intraperitoneal and thoracic pressures which gives rise to this pathway of metastatic dissemination.
Compartmentalization is ambiguous in nature, lacking consistent guidelines.
In nature, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have evolved a wide spectrum of pathways such as oxidation/reduction, compartmentalization, exclusion, and immobilization [16] as the main natural defense mechanisms to arsenic.
This nature's ability to achieve multiple levels of compartmentalization has attracted scientists' attention and motivated them to explore how compartmentalization can be established by artificial materials [1].
In humans, blood cell compartmentalization, such as with peripheral cell counts of neutrophils, T-lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocytes, monocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells, displays a circadian fluctuation across the day [49].
Halophytes are the natural inhabitants of highly saline soils, and have evolved resistance strategies including efficient control of the uptake and compartmentalization of salt ions, synthesis of organic 'compatible' solutes, and unique morphological structures such as succulent leaves, salt glands, and bladders [ 7].
Many natural halophytes can grow at similar rates to glycophytes even though they use energy from the ion accumulation and compartmentalization for osmotic adjustment (Yeo 1983).
During the last century, compartmentalization of hydrologic flows in the Florida Everglades by canals and levees has had a profound impact on the natural timing and supply of freshwater and nutrients across the southern Everglades.
