We argue that the prevalence of informal employment in Turkey, which is around 35% as of the end of 2014, has amplified the impact of immigration on natives' outcomes.
Major papers in this literature include Card (1990); Carrington and de Lima (1996); Friedberg (2001); Glitz (2012); Hunt (1992); Mansour (2010).5 With a few exceptions, the quasi-experimental evidence does not point out a significant impact of immigration on natives' outcomes.
A government summary of the evidence concluded that there was "little evidence in the literature of a statistically significant impact from EU migration on native employment outcomes".
Based on their studies of the superior efficacy of 'behaviorally relevant' training in restoring lost functions in lower animals, Elbert et al. attribute the generally non-native-like outcomes of adult L2 learning to the fact that they just don't care very much about their accent.
It is also consistent with the idea, which seems more plausible than the critical period hypothesis, that there is a sensitive period for language acquisition — a time, from roughly birth age 1 to age 6 or 7, in which language is acquired most easily and naturally, and when a native-like outcome is virtually guaranteed.
We used an integrated experimental and computational approach to quantitatively analyze the folding outcomes (native folding versus aggregation versus degradation) of three test proteins biosynthesized in E. coli under a variety of conditions.
A growing literature has formally explored the influence of foreign-born students on native students' academic outcomes (Diette and Uwaifo Oyelere 2012, 2014; Jensen and Rasmussen 2011; Geay et al. 2013; Ohinata and van Ours 2013).
We aimed to assess the determinants of native MSSA BJI outcomes.
That said, our findings are supported by previous work in Hawai'i and elsewhere has found that, despite having higher risk factors for poor outcomes, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islander have low rates of some adverse perinatal outcomes (including low birth weight) [ 11, 29, 30].
While ethnic residential segregation is pervasive, opportunities to meet are greater at places of work because workplaces are less segregated than neighbourhoods, and differences between immigrant and native labour-market outcomes tend to decrease over time (Ellis et al. 2004; Houston et al. 2005; Rendall et al. 2010; Rebhun 2010; Tammaru et al. 2010a, b).
