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This study therefore supports the use of biotically pollinated native forbs in future green roof design.
Cover and richness of understory vegetation (especially native forbs) responded rapidly to creation of mosaic-meadows within 1 to 4 years after treatment.
In some cases, fertilization has led to declines in species richness on a site, specifically native species, due to suppression of native forbs from an increase in non-native species cover (Buckley and Catford 2016; Huenneke et al. 1990).
Green roofs are potentially valuable sites for bee conservation in urban areas, particularly if planted with diverse native forbs to provide foraging resources, and designed to accommodate bees with different nesting habits.
Severely disturbed wildfire stands had a higher proportion of colonizing native species as well as non-native species than other structural types, and areas protected from grazing produced greater standing crop of native forbs compared to grazed unmanaged stands.
In this greenhouse study, we examine how reclamation soil type and fertilizer application impact the growth and competitive ability of three important understory plant species, native forbs G. boreale and V. americana and non-native forb M. perforata, grown with either intra- or interspecific neighbours.
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The three plant species used in this experiment were G. boreale (northern bedstraw, native forb), V. americana (American vetch, native forb), and M. perforata (scentless chamomile, non-native forb).
Application of imazapic reduced E. esula stem densities and cover and increased native forb cover.
Native forb diversity increased with precipitation and decreased with income, driving overall lawn diversity trends with these predictors as well.
In the mineable oil sands region, Vicia americana and Galium boreale are two native forb species of interest to reclamation practitioners given that they are both adapted to growing in a variety of soil conditions, are drought tolerant, and can reproduce by seeds and rhizomes resulting in faster plant establishment, site occupation, and soil stabilization (McLean 1969).
Net annual productivity of annuals was determined by harvesting biomass in four functional groups (native forb, native grass, exotic forb and exotic grass) clipped at the soil level from 0.25 m sub-plots and scaled up to the 1 m plot size using regression of plant biomass and per cent cover in 0.25 m and per cent cover of 1 m plots.
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