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Meijer and Weststrate compared IE fats with native fats at 4 and 8% energy intake, as margarines with 18 and 7% of the palmitic acid in the sn-2 position in 60 European subjects using a cross-over design with each diet was taken for 3 weeks but found no differences in fasting glucose and did not measure fasting insulin or postprandial changes.
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Only long-term culture yielded uniform tissues histologically comparable to native fat.
Morphologically, ES cell-derived adipocytes resembled native fat cells by scanning electron and phase contrast microscopy.
In this way, the progress of adipogenesis could be examined, including native fat tissue as a reference tissue.
This latter group further sub-divided into two groups, one consisting of MSC induced to differentiate into adipocytes, and the other consisting of native fat tissue samples.
Here it was possible to analyze the expression status of human MSC during adipogenesis and in comparison with native fat tissue.
Comparing differential gene expression profiles of human MSC and native fat cells or tissue allowed us to establish a comprehensive differential kinetic gene expression network of adipogenesis.
The authors showed that the digestion of TAG is twice as efficient for small native fat globules (1.75 μm; 4.3 m.g-1 fat) as for large native milk fat globules (6.6 μm; 1.6 m.g-1 fat) in the gastric phase and is about 30% higher in the intestinal phase.
As shown in Figure 6, for all 184 differentially expressed genes, undifferentiated MSC (day 0) clustered in one main group while MSCs cultured under adipogenic conditions and the native fat cell tissues clustered into another.
To isolate RNA from three native fat tissues, 1 mg tissue was added to 1 ml TriReagent (Sigma-Aldrich) and mechanically homogenized using an Ultra-Turrax (IKA, Staufen, Germany).
Three adult MSC donors and three native fat cell donors were used in this study and up-loaded to the online chip comparison database https://www.sipagene.de/sipagene.de/sipagene
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