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Surface chemistry analysis has shown higher Ca/P ratio in this mineralized matrix compared to native bone.
Results showed excellent agreement between native bone properties and designed scaffold properties (all R2>0.89).
Concentric structure has the gradient porosity, which could mimic the microstructures in native bone.
Tissue scaffolds are typically designed and fabricated to match native bone properties.
Tissues used for mandibular reconstruction demonstrated integration with native bone as well as evidence of remodeling.
Short-stemmed femoral components facilitate reduced exposure surgical techniques while preserving native bone.
Septic complications, viral transmission and unavailability of native bone have therefore led to the development of synthetic bone substitutes.
However, silk is not an osteogenic material and has a compressive stiffness significantly lower than that of native bone.
The design and production of scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration is yet unable to completely reproduce the native bone properties.
The newly formed bone tissue displayed the key features of native bone, including calcification, mature tissue morphology, and vascularization.
An important requirement for a bone tissue engineering scaffold is a stiffness gradient that mimics that of native bone.
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