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In Tahiti, Tonga, Samoa, and Fiji no native authority was able to keep order in the novel circumstances created by European enterprise; in any case, the native kings were themselves open to challenge within their own societies.
Specifically, creation of male native authority, commercialization and commodification of livestock, and the implementation of post-World War II social reforms blurs the social status women enjoyed before while enhancing male economic and political authority relative to that of women.
The French had seized the Friendly Islands, and Captain Paulet, of the British navy, took possession of the Sandwich Islands, where, however, native authority was very quickly restored under instructions from the British government.33 In 1844, Admiral Seymour, now in command of the Pacific Squadron, was still primarily interested in the question of the control of the Pacific Islands.
They spoke to the jury with a native authority and, like Rice's own testimony, dead-set certainty.
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In the Rhodesias and Nyasaland and, slightly later, in the smaller colonial territories, advisory councils, "tribal representatives," and rural "native authorities" played a similar role.
In addition, the convention specified that the traditional laws, customs, and institutions of the Kandyans were to be maintained and administered by the usual native authorities.
The records, compiled for an official inquiry, revealed that Nkoloso had organized a large-scale civil-disobedience campaign against both the colonial administrators and the rural chiefs (the so-called Native Authorities).
Monier-Williams' Sanskrit Dictionary adds that, "According to native authorities Upanishad means 'setting to rest ignorance by revealing the knowledge of the supreme spirit.'" A gloss of the term Upanishad based on Shri Adi Shankara's commentary on the and Brihadaranyaka Upanishad equates it with Ātmavidyā, that is, "knowledge of the Self", or Brahmavidyā "knowledge of Brahma".
The lack of effective provisions shows that legislation in this sphere must be decentralized and its application often left to the initiative of local authorities or even to the traditional native authorities.
In 1962, one year after gaining independence, Tanzania abolished the colonial native authorities (mainly based in urban areas) inherited from the British colony and established democratic local government authorities (LGAs) with the aim of improving the delivery of public goods and services, including health services.
Over the past month, it also became clear that the Iraqis in the Governing Council -- the only native political authority, albeit unelected -- were not willing to risk a public split over the process of drafting a constitution, which would inevitably open up a divisive debate over the future role of the Muslim clergy.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com