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The triumph against overwhelming odds is seen as an historical and potent stepping stone to Malta's sense of nationhood based on depth of character, resilience and self-sacrifice.
The view of a nationhood based in blood inheritance and blind emotion has a dangerous history in Europe, of course, but Le Pen is not interested in drawing lessons from the past.
They also elaborated a modern, ethnic idea of nationhood based on the theory of Roman origins and the continuous presence of the Daco-Romans in Dacia since Trajan's conquest.
I reviewed the victories racked up by Putin's ideology, which succeeded in getting European public opinion to swallow the bogus theories of nationhood based on language, Russia's origin in Ukraine (Kievan Rus), and Eurasia.
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A comparison of migration policies shows that Japan embraces a more closed and descent based concept of nationhood, whereas Germany's national identity norms of openness, respect for difference and tolerance have been strained by nationalist immigration fears and terrorist threats.
Gazprom accused Ukraine of scheming.Yulia Mostovaya, editor of Zerkalo Nedeli, an independent weekly, says that Mr Yanukovych's idea of Ukraine's sovereignty is based not on a sense of nationhood but on a firm belief that "Ukraine can only be pillaged by the Ukrainians".
As Prem Shankar Jha, one of the old lions of Indian journalism, wrote this month in The Wire, Narendra Modi, the B.J.P. Prime Minister, "is intent upon changing the very idea of nationhood upon which India's political identity has been based not just for the past seventy, but the past two thousand years".
India's and Pakistan's claims on Kashmir, based on conflicting narratives of a complicated shared history, have been repeated so often that they have become a kind of mantra and reflect the two countries' divergent conceptions of nationhood.
But the idea of the welfare state as an expression of an ethic of nationhood – captured so evocatively in Per Albin Hansson's idea of a "people's home" (folkhemmet), or in T.H. Marshall's claim that the welfare state rests on "a direct sense of community membership based on loyalty to a civilisation that is a common possession" (Marshall 1963: 96) - proved to be politically more effective.8.8
The white nationalist movement dismisses mainstream conservatism's fixation on free-market capitalism and the Constitution, regarding them as thin bases for nationhood compared with white, European ancestry.
But in Uttar Pradesh, Bharatiya Janata's losses did not translate into gains for the Congress Party, which ruled India for most of its first four decades of nationhood with the state as its home base.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com