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The narrowband flat fading MIMO channel of LTE can be described by the MxN channel matrix H: mathbf{H} = left[ begin{array}{cccc} h_{11} & h_{12} & cdots & h_{1N} h_{21} & H_{22} & cdots & h_{2N} vdots & vdots & ddots & vdots h_{M1} & h_{M2} & cdots & h_{MN} end{array} right] (7).
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In OFDM-based systems, the narrowband subchannels are assumed to be flat fading.
However, many studies have focused on narrowband systems and flat fading environments.
13 For a narrowband channel which shows an almost flat fading response to all the subcarriers, RSSI would be a better choice for measuring the success and failure of packet delivery.
If the sub-channels are sufficiently narrowband, they will experience an overall flat frequency response so that the medium frequency selectivity does not introduce significant inter-carrier interference (ICI) and ISI.
It is assumed that the narrowband signal at each subcarrier suffers from flat fading.
During the m th PRB, the beamforming vector applied at the eNodeB W i (m) with i = {1,2,3,…,Mt} is constant because the narrowband PRBs in frequency and time domain may experience flat fading.
Flat fading channels are also known as amplitude varying channels and narrowband channels as the signal's bandwidth is narrow compared to channel's bandwidth [18].
Another way to combat frequency-selective fading is to employ multicarrier techniques, where the signal is divided into many narrowband CDMA signals so that the fading experienced by each carrier can be considered flat.
Narrowband analog network coding (ANC) was introduced as a simpler implementation of PNC in a flat (i.e., frequency-nonselective fading) channel.
In this paper, we consider the flat Rician fading channel model which is a suitable model for the fluctuations of the signal envelope in those narrowband multipath fading channels where there is a direct line-of-sight (LOS) path between the transmitter and the receiver [18].
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