Since we worked with younger subjects in a narrow grade school range, the pattern of results we found concerning stress deserves further attention, especially with regard to its longitudinal evolution.
Samuel J. Meisels, president of Erikson Institute, a graduate school in child development based in Chicago, said that primary centers' narrow grade range sometimes isolates teachers and may prevent them from properly preparing students for the rigors of the later years of elementary school.
Eisgruber said he "vehemently disagreed" with William Deresiewicz's recent book and article in The New Republic that described Ivy League students as "excellent sheep" and "zombies". Some of his most rewarding moments as president, Eisgruber said, are encounters and conversations with students, who are not narrow, grade-grubbing wonks who view Princeton as a glorified vo-tech school.
Subjects were divided into the following categories: grade 0 = no plaques in the major coronary branches; grade 1 = ≤25% luminal narrowing; grade 2 = ≤50% luminal narrowing; grade 3 = >50% luminal narrowing.
A K&L grade 3 radiograph with joint space narrowing (grade 1 on the OARSI atlas) was graded 3a, those with more severe joint space narrowing (OARSI atlas grade 2) 3b.
Specific radiographic inclusion criteria are: (i) Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 2 [ 63]; (ii) mechanical axis angle of < 181° for females or < 183° for males indicating varus alignment; (iii) medial tibiofemoral joint narrowing grade > lateral tibiofemoral joint narrowing grade [ 64]; and (iv) medial compartment osteophyte grade ≥ lateral compartment osteophyte grade [ 64].
Damage to the hepatic artery was evaluated according to the 5-grade system: grade 0, no obvious damage; grade 1, irregular vessel wall; grade 2, vessel narrowing; grade 3, stenosis; and grade 4, occlusion.
Intraobserver reproducibility (κstatistic) for agreement on features of OA was 0.93 for osteophytes (grade 0, 1 versus 2, 3) and 0.93 for joint-space narrowing (grade 0, 1 versus 2, 3).
Retinopathy staging was performed in accordance with ESC/ESH 2013 hypertension guidelines, as follows: grade I: focal or general arteriolar narrowing; grade II: arteriovenous nicking; grade III: retinal hemorrhages, microaneurysms, hard exudates, and cotton wool spots; grade IV: grade III signs and papilledema and/or macular edema) [ 1].
The results also indicated that PGA had obviously influences on particle size distribution of ground cement, which showed a narrower grading spectrum as the PGA dosage increased.
Intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility for agreement on features of OA (osteophytes and joint space narrowing, grades 0 and 1 versus grades 2 and 3) ranged between 0.85 and 0.93 (κ statistic) [ 18].
