These same modeling techniques can also be useful tools for clinicians and researchers to establish the appropriate population to treat or narrow the efficacy range needed for a drug in early stages of development to be commercially viable.
Penicillin V, the recommended antimicrobial for pharyngitis was never prescribed, despite its safety, efficacy, narrow spectrum and low cost, even though cost influenced GPs' prescribing.
This narrow time-window of efficacy is similar to that found using muscimol, the classical agonist of GABA, which causes amnesia when given at times shorter than 30 minutes after training, in the same crab model [37].
In this study, for tested PhAP, there was a narrow concentration window between efficacy (growth promotion) and toxicity (cell death).
Protamine was shown to be an angiogenesis inhibitor [ 40], but cumulative toxicity from prolonged administration and a narrow window of angiostatic efficacy prevented its consideration for clinical use.
The advent of new technologies that accelerate the identification of infectious agents and their antimicrobial sensitivities may allow better tailored anti-mediator therapies and administration of antibiotics with narrow spectra and known efficacy.
To determine the efficacy of narrow-strip conjunctival autograft surgery in the treatment of pterygium.
First, they may facilitate the use of antibiotics with narrower spectra but known efficacy against a particular organism; this may minimize the development of multidrug resistant bacteria and infections such as Clostridium difficile diarrhoea.
However, given the need for antimicrobial stewardship (and restriction of carbapenem use), it is also important to assess the efficacy of narrower-spectrum regimens (such as piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin).
Re-analyses of POET and FinOM trials, adjusting for severity of case definition and pathogen distributions, somewhat narrowed differences in PCV efficacy estimates [ 27, 28], but such reconciliation is not always feasible, and conclusions have to be based on central tendency across studies.
