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Birefringence measurements are reported in transient and stagnation point elongational flows created by forcing a polymer solution through a narrow contraction.
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The effector of airway narrowing is the contraction of airway smooth muscle (ASM), yet the question of whether an inherent or acquired dysfunction in ASM contractile function plays a significant role in the disease pathophysiology remains contentious.
In addition, even though there is ischemia reperfusion in the early period, the capillary bed narrows segmentally by contraction of pericytes and the passage of blood cells is prevented [ 15, 16].
Laryngospasm is defined as glottis narrowing caused by reflective contraction of the laryngeal muscles.
Music critic Jim Farber commented that D'Angelo's torso "sways in grinding rhythm, tensing and releasing as his mouth curls in pleasure and his eyebrows narrow to measure an ecstatic contraction", while claiming that the video has "nothing but close-ups of D'Angelo's buff body on the apparent receiving end of one of life's great payoffs".
The ability of myofibroblasts to contract might further increase the luminal narrowing of the intestine and contraction can be induced by factors other than inflammatory mediators [ 65].
Wound contraction involves contraction, narrowing or closing of the wound.
Contraction has produced a much narrower channel than the design width between river training fences which were installed progressively between the 1960s and 1990s.
The mediators act on smooth muscle cell causing contraction which results in airway narrowing [ 2- 4].
The direct airway challenges using methacholine and histamine, have a direct effect on smooth muscle cells that causes contraction and leads to a narrowing of the airways [ 2].
They will become elongated in the tensile direction and narrower in the transverse direction due to Poisson contraction.
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