Thus, as is the case for any fledgling psychotherapeutic intervention, an early objective for ABM researchers must be to optimise capacity to modify the target process; namely, biased attentional response to negative information.
Then, we looked if other genes in the same operon as the detected xenologous ORFs showed at least one of the features used to detect xenologs previously (namely, biased G+C content; low number of HIP1 motifs and unusual codon usage; and/or best-hit or nearest neighbor to an organism other than cyanobacteria).
In addition to under-publication of statistically non-significant or unfavourable results, other forms of publication bias were mentioned, namely biases based on the type of research undertaken or its topic; the geographical origin of the research specifically studies from the developing world; and the standard of reporting particularly from non-native English speakers.
Surely, much has changed in America since Du Bois wrote those lines more than a century ago — namely, bias tends to be expressed structurally rather than on an individual level — but the "two-ness" remains.
An acceptable agreement, namely bias of 0% and limits of agreement of -10 to +10%, has been found between EIT and computed tomography (CT) in detecting right-to-left lung changes in gas volume [ 2].
The accuracy of the predictions compared to the measured NO2 concentrations are compared using three statistics, namely: bias, root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) and the coverage probabilities of the 95% prediction intervals.
While there are limitations of the CAAD data collection methodology, namely biases in the types of projects that might get reported in the media, language and media-based constraints, and limits on the quantity and quality of information collected, there is significant value in analyzing this data to gain insights on China's global health engagement in Africa.
Seven criteria were used to assess three risks of biases, namely measurement bias, selection bias and attrition bias.
Given its retrospective study design, it is subject to several possible biases, namely reporting bias and selection bias.
First, as a retrospective case review performed in a single centre, it is subject to several possible biases, namely reporting bias and selection bias.
Similar findings have been obtained for a second type of reasoning bias, namely covariation bias.
