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Introducing point mutations in the NA stalk were previously shown to affect the NA activities [87].
Additionally, these changes could be a consequence of regulation of the balance between HA and NA activities subsequent to changes in HA affinity towards its cell receptor.
Thus, the serotype classification, which was originally based solely on the reactivity of antibodies that inhibit HA and NA activities, has now been substantiated by sequence analysis showing extensive divergence across the genome and involving all of the proteins.
When combined with AH H5, AH N1 and AH N1+09s60 exhibited NA activities of 42310±3335 and 46580±7054 chemiluminescent units, respectively, indicating that the 20-aa insertion had little effect on AH N1 activity (P = 0.340).
The NA activities of 09N1 and 09N1-s60 were higher in combination with 09H1 than with AH H5 (P = 0.001; Fig. 4A, right), again indicating a higher activity in the native pseudoparticles than in the mismatched pseudoparticles.
However, when combined with 09H1, the deletion in 09N1 did not significantly alter its activity; in this case, 09N1 and 09N1-s60 had NA activities of 2367470±698727 and 2518920±619100 chemiluminescent units, respectively (P = 0.172).
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Thus, compensatory NA mutations diminish NA activity by intrinsic effects on enzyme activity and in two cases, by reducing NA incorporation per virion.
Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors can suppress NA activity to block the release of progeny virions and are effective against influenza viruses.
To address this question, we tested the effect of ATA on NA activity and compared it to the effect of NAA, a known NA inhibitor [30].
Supplementary Figure 8 Salient sensory stimuli increase NA activity and LC-NA-mediated arousal.
e, Population average of the NA activity during pupil dilation for all recorded axons.
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