A recent study indicates that GRAF1 expression in C2C12 cells promotes both myogenic differentiation and fusion between differentiated myoblasts [ 55].
To summarize, we have discovered 20 human miRNAs not previously known to be differentially expressed during myogenic differentiation and confirmed 40 myogenesis-related microRNAs.
Altogether these findings strengthen the notion that the expression of miR-221 and miR-222 needs to be tightly regulated during differentiation and suggest the existence of a role of these miRNAs both in progression of myogenic differentiation and in achievement of the differentiated phenotype.
These results show that differential expression of BAF60 variants in embryonic somites is important for myogenic differentiation and indicate that sustained expression of BAF60a and BAF60b interferes with BAF60c function.
TRAF6, also an ubiquitin E3 ligase, positively regulates myogenic differentiation, thereby promoting myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration via TAK1/p38 MAPK and Akt pathways (Xiao et al., 2012).
PEDF treatment of mice and human skeletal myocytes at physiological concentration inhibited myogenic differentiation and activated Erk1/2 MAPK- dependent osteogenic transdifferentiation of myocytes.
MB with myogenic differentiation and MB cases showing variable immunoreactivity with the above 3 antibodies were further evaluated for smooth muscle actin, desmin, myogenin, and HMB45.
Overall, our findings indicate that the properties of HELP biopolymers can be exploited for dissecting the molecular connections underlying myogenic differentiation and for designing novel substrates for skeletal muscle regeneration.
These data suggest that uniaxial cyclic strain could affect ASCs and cause their myogenic differentiation and that the combination of chemical myogenic differentiation factors with mechanical signals promotes differentiation much more than differentiation by chemical myogenic differentiation factors or mechanical signals alone.
This is followed by myogenic differentiation, and finally cell fusion into multinucleated myotubes then myofibers.
The GFP-positive cells were isolated in serum-deprived medium for myogenic differentiation and cultured for 10 to 16 days.
