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Unlike the case of many of the collaborative arrangements between established firms in the US, Europe or Japan, where mutual risk reduction is frequently the driving influence, in the case of Taiwan it is technological learning, upgrading and catch-up industry creation that is the object of the collaborative exercises.
Therefore, CVD and CKD should be considered mutual risk factors for each other.
Chronic and infectious diseases often co-exist due to mutual risk factors as well as direct interactions between the diseases.
Type 2 diabetes and cancer have many mutual risk factors, and diabetes is suggested to be associated with an increased risk of certain cancers.
Smoking is a mutual risk factor for heart disease and cancer, and chemotherapy may be cardiotoxic or increase cardiac load in relevant cases; 31, 32, 33 hence, survivors would be at risk of heart disease.
In this review, we also leave aside cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a type of cerebrovascular disease closely associated with the cerebral hallmarks of AD as well as the mutual risk factor apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4.
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Members of the community have their own system of insurance-like mutual risk-sharing, known as church aid, to cover big bills, which has been in place for a couple of decades in its current form.Mr Romney, who is trailing in the polls in Pennsylvania, should not pin too much hope on the Amish vote, though.
The various activities and structures above and below each other impose mutual risks.
The FCGH seeks to formalise responsibilities for health equity through legal infrastructure based on an observed fundamental conflict in normative aid models: 'health is a globally shared responsibility, reflecting mutual risks and vulnerabilities – an obligation of health justice that demands a fair allocation of burdens and benefits.
The wild boar-domestic pig interface represents one of the clearest examples of this scenario, as both species have a mutual transmission risk for their infectious and parasitic diseases [ 2, 12].
It challenges uncritical policy discourses on migrant investment that romanticise transnational family and entrepreneurial networks by assuming diasporic social embeddedness, mutual trust, risk-reduction and socio-economic benefits, often founded in neo-liberal assumptions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com