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"Bad luck" mutations – which occur when one chemical letter in DNA is wrongly swapped for another during cell replication – largely explained 22 of the 31 cancer types studied.
Most people have many of these so-called de novo mutations, which occur spontaneously at or near conception, and most of them are harmless.
For example, although one may conceive of a change that would improve the function of an organ, it may be that the necessary mutations (which occur by accident and not in response to need) simply never arose.
This is in contrast to disease-causing point mutations, which occur much more frequently in males than in females, with the highest incidence occurring in older males [22].
These frameshift mutations, which occur due to non-repair of exonic IDL, are thought to drive the pathogenesis of colorectal cancers and other MSI tumors.
The use of other lists to determine transmitted resistance would result in even higher false-positive rates of transmitted resistance, because most include additional polymorphic mutations which occur at >0.5% in the absence of drug pressure.
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One particular category of spontaneous mutations which occurs often in these hotspots is genetic recombination.
Affected individuals are heterozygous for THRA mutations which occurred de novo in six cases [13,18 20] or were familial [14,17,18].
Moreover, the mutations which occurred in the acute thermal selection experiments were not seen in the surviving long-term treatment isolates.
Spontaneous mutations, which occurred in the pollen or egg cell of the haploid progenitor plant, as well as recent somatic mutations of individual doubled haploid plants will not be fixed in these pools.
The microsatellite locus of the pIREShyg2-EGFP vector was amplified by PCR and further subjected to cycle sequencing as described above to detect the type of frameshift mutations which occurred in the respective microsatellite.
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